HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

     NAME
          hg - Mercurial source code management system

     SYNOPSIS
          hg [ globaloptions ] command [ commandoptions ] [ arguments
          ]

     DESCRIPTION
          The hg command provides a command line interface to the Mer-
          curial system.

     COMMAND ELEMENTS
          files ...
              indicates one or more filename or relative path file-
              names; see FILE PATTERNS for information on pattern
              matching

          path
              indicates a path on the local machine

          revision
              indicates a changeset which can be specified as a
              changeset revision number, a tag, or a unique substring
              of the changeset hash value

          repository path
              either the pathname of a local repository or the URI of
              a remote repository. There are two available URI proto-
              cols, http:// which is fast and the static-http:// pro-
              tocol which is much slower but does not require a spe-
              cial server on the web host.

     OPTIONS
          -R, --repository
              repository root directory or symbolic path name

          --cwd
              change working directory

          -y, --noninteractive
              do not prompt, assume yes for any required answers

          -q, --quiet
              suppress output

          -v, --verbose
              enable additional output

          --config

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              set/override config option

          --debug
              enable debugging output

          --debugger
              start debugger

          --encoding
              set the charset encoding (default: UTF-8)

          --encodingmode
              set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)

          --lsprof
              print improved command execution profile

          --traceback
              print traceback on exception

          --time
              time how long the command takes

          --profile
              print command execution profile

          --version
              output version information and exit

          -h, --help
              display help and exit

     COMMANDS
          add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
              Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the
              repository.

                  The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To
                  undo an add before that, see hg revert.

                  If no names are given, add all files in the repository.

                  options:
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -n, --dry-run  do not perform actions, just print output

          addremove [OPTION]... [FILE]...
              Add all new files and remove all missing files from the
              repository.

                  New files are ignored if they match any of the patterns in .hgignore. As

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  with add, these changes take effect at the next commit.

                  Use the -s option to detect renamed files.  With a parameter > 0,
                  this compares every removed file with every added file and records
                  those similar enough as renames.  This option takes a percentage
                  between 0 (disabled) and 100 (files must be identical) as its
                  parameter.  Detecting renamed files this way can be expensive.

                  options:
                  -s, --similarity  guess renamed files by similarity (0<=s<=100)
                  -I, --include     include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude     exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -n, --dry-run     do not perform actions, just print output

          annotate [-r REV] [-f] [-a] [-u] [-d] [-n] [-c] [-l] FILE...
              List changes in files, showing the revision id responsi-
              ble for each line

                  This command is useful to discover who did a change or when a change took
                  place.

                  Without the -a option, annotate will avoid processing files it
                  detects as binary. With -a, annotate will generate an annotation
                  anyway, probably with undesirable results.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev          annotate the specified revision
                  -f, --follow       follow file copies and renames
                  -a, --text         treat all files as text
                  -u, --user         list the author (long with -v)
                  -d, --date         list the date (short with -q)
                  -n, --number       list the revision number (default)
                  -c, --changeset    list the changeset
                  -l, --line-number  show line number at the first appearance
                  -I, --include      include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude      exclude names matching the given patterns

                  aliases: blame

          archive [OPTION]... DEST
              By default, the revision used is the parent of the work-
              ing directory; use "-r" to specify a different revision.

                  To specify the type of archive to create, use "-t".  Valid
                  types are:

                  "files" (default): a directory full of files
                  "tar": tar archive, uncompressed
                  "tbz2": tar archive, compressed using bzip2
                  "tgz": tar archive, compressed using gzip
                  "uzip": zip archive, uncompressed
                  "zip": zip archive, compressed using deflate

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  The exact name of the destination archive or directory is given
                  using a format string; see "hg help export" for details.

                  Each member added to an archive file has a directory prefix
                  prepended.  Use "-p" to specify a format string for the prefix.
                  The default is the basename of the archive, with suffixes removed.

                  options:
                  --no-decode    do not pass files through decoders
                  -p, --prefix   directory prefix for files in archive
                  -r, --rev      revision to distribute
                  -t, --type     type of distribution to create
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns

          backout [OPTION]... [-r] REV
              Commit the backed out changes as a new changeset. The
              new changeset is a child of the backed out changeset.

                  If you back out a changeset other than the tip, a new head is
                  created.  This head will be the new tip and you should merge this
                  backout changeset with another head (current one by default).

                  The --merge option remembers the parent of the working directory
                  before starting the backout, then merges the new head with that
                  changeset afterwards.  This saves you from doing the merge by
                  hand.  The result of this merge is not committed, as for a normal
                  merge.

                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  options:
                  --merge        merge with old dirstate parent after backout
                  --parent       parent to choose when backing out merge
                  -r, --rev      revision to backout
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -m, --message  use <text> as commit message
                  -l, --logfile  read commit message from <file>
                  -d, --date     record datecode as commit date
                  -u, --user     record user as committer

          bisect [-gbsr] [REV]
              This command helps to find changesets which introduce
              problems. To use, mark the earliest changeset you know
              exhibits the problem as bad, then mark the latest
              changeset which is free from the problem as good. Bisect
              will update your working directory to a revision for
              testing. Once you have performed tests, mark the working
              directory as bad or good and bisect will either update
              to another candidate changeset or announce that it has
              found the bad revision.

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                  options:
                  -r, --reset     reset bisect state
                  -g, --good      mark changeset good
                  -b, --bad       mark changeset bad
                  -s, --skip      skip testing changeset
                  -U, --noupdate  do not update to target

          branch [-f] [NAME]
              With no argument, show the current branch name. With one
              argument, set the working directory branch name (the
              branch does not exist in the repository until the next
              commit).

                  Unless --force is specified, branch will not let you set a
                  branch name that shadows an existing branch.

                  Use the command 'hg update' to switch to an existing branch.

                  options:
                  -f, --force  set branch name even if it shadows an existing branch

          branches [-a]
              List the repository's named branches, indicating which
              ones are inactive. If active is specified, only show
              active branches.

                  A branch is considered active if it contains repository heads.

                  Use the command 'hg update' to switch to an existing branch.

                  options:
                  -a, --active  show only branches that have unmerged heads

          bundle [-f] [-a] [-r REV]... [--base REV]... FILE [DEST]
              Generate a compressed changegroup file collecting
              changesets not found in the other repository.

                  If no destination repository is specified the destination is
                  assumed to have all the nodes specified by one or more --base
                  parameters.  To create a bundle containing all changesets, use
                  --all (or --base null).

                  The bundle file can then be transferred using conventional means and
                  applied to another repository with the unbundle or pull command.
                  This is useful when direct push and pull are not available or when
                  exporting an entire repository is undesirable.

                  Applying bundles preserves all changeset contents including
                  permissions, copy/rename information, and revision history.

                  options:
                  -f, --force  run even when remote repository is unrelated

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                  -r, --rev    a changeset up to which you would like to bundle
                  --base       a base changeset to specify instead of a destination
                  -a, --all    bundle all changesets in the repository
                  -e, --ssh    specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd  specify hg command to run on the remote side

          cat [OPTION]... FILE...
              Print the specified files as they were at the given
              revision. If no revision is given, the parent of the
              working directory is used, or tip if no revision is
              checked out.

                  Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is
                  given using a format string.  The formatting rules are the same as
                  for the export command, with the following additions:

                  %s   basename of file being printed
                  %d   dirname of file being printed, or '.' if in repo root
                  %p   root-relative path name of file being printed

                  options:
                  -o, --output   print output to file with formatted name
                  -r, --rev      print the given revision
                  --decode       apply any matching decode filter
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns

          clone [OPTION]... SOURCE [DEST]
              Create a copy of an existing repository in a new direc-
              tory.

                  If no destination directory name is specified, it defaults to the
                  basename of the source.

                  The location of the source is added to the new repository's

                  For efficiency, hardlinks are used for cloning whenever the source
                  and destination are on the same filesystem (note this applies only
                  to the repository data, not to the checked out files).  Some
                  filesystems, such as AFS, implement hardlinking incorrectly, but
                  do not report errors.  In these cases, use the --pull option to
                  avoid hardlinking.

                  You can safely clone repositories and checked out files using full
                  hardlinks with

                  $ cp -al REPO REPOCLONE

                  which is the fastest way to clone. However, the operation is not
                  atomic (making sure REPO is not modified during the operation is
                  up to you) and you have to make sure your editor breaks hardlinks
                  (Emacs and most Linux Kernel tools do so).

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                  If you use the -r option to clone up to a specific revision, no
                  subsequent revisions will be present in the cloned repository.
                  This option implies --pull, even on local repositories.

                  If the -U option is used, the new clone will contain only a repository
                  (.hg) and no working copy (the working copy parent is the null revision).

                  See pull for valid source format details.

                  It is possible to specify an ssh:// URL as the destination, but no
                  Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
                  about ssh:// URLs.

                  options:
                  -U, --noupdate  the clone will only contain a repository (no
                                  working copy)
                  -r, --rev       a changeset you would like to have after cloning
                  --pull          use pull protocol to copy metadata
                  --uncompressed  use uncompressed transfer (fast over LAN)
                  -e, --ssh       specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd     specify hg command to run on the remote side

          commit [OPTION]... [FILE]...
              Commit changes to the given files into the repository.

                  If a list of files is omitted, all changes reported by "hg status"
                  will be committed.

                  If you are committing the result of a merge, do not provide any
                  file names or -I/-X filters.

                  If no commit message is specified, the configured editor is started to
                  enter a message.

                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  options:
                  -A, --addremove  mark new/missing files as added/removed before
                                   committing
                  -I, --include    include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude    exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -m, --message    use <text> as commit message
                  -l, --logfile    read commit message from <file>
                  -d, --date       record datecode as commit date
                  -u, --user       record user as committer

                  aliases: ci

          copy [OPTION]... [SOURCE]... DEST
              Mark dest as having copies of source files. If dest is a
              directory, copies are put in that directory. If dest is
              a file, there can only be one source.

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                  By default, this command copies the contents of files as they
                  stand in the working directory.  If invoked with --after, the
                  operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.

                  This command takes effect in the next commit. To undo a copy
                  before that, see hg revert.

                  options:
                  -A, --after    record a copy that has already occurred
                  -f, --force    forcibly copy over an existing managed file
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -n, --dry-run  do not perform actions, just print output

                  aliases: cp

          diff [OPTION]... [-r REV1 [-r REV2]] [FILE]...
              Show differences between revisions for the specified
              files.

                  Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.

                  NOTE: diff may generate unexpected results for merges, as it will
                  default to comparing against the working directory's first parent
                  changeset if no revisions are specified.

                  When two revision arguments are given, then changes are shown
                  between those revisions. If only one revision is specified then
                  that revision is compared to the working directory, and, when no
                  revisions are specified, the working directory files are compared
                  to its parent.

                  Without the -a option, diff will avoid generating diffs of files
                  it detects as binary. With -a, diff will generate a diff anyway,
                  probably with undesirable results.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev                  revision
                  -a, --text                 treat all files as text
                  -p, --show-function        show which function each change is in
                  -g, --git                  use git extended diff format
                  --nodates                  don't include dates in diff headers
                  -w, --ignore-all-space     ignore white space when comparing lines
                  -b, --ignore-space-change  ignore changes in the amount of white
                                             space
                  -B, --ignore-blank-lines   ignore changes whose lines are all
                                             blank
                  -U, --unified              number of lines of context to show
                  -I, --include              include names matching the given
                                             patterns
                  -X, --exclude              exclude names matching the given
                                             patterns

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          export [OPTION]... [-o OUTFILESPEC] REV...
              Print the changeset header and diffs for one or more
              revisions.

                  The information shown in the changeset header is: author,
                  changeset hash, parent(s) and commit comment.

                  NOTE: export may generate unexpected diff output for merge changesets,
                  as it will compare the merge changeset against its first parent only.

                  Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is
                  given using a format string.  The formatting rules are as follows:

                  %%   literal "%" character
                  %H   changeset hash (40 bytes of hexadecimal)
                  %N   number of patches being generated
                  %R   changeset revision number
                  %b   basename of the exporting repository
                  %h   short-form changeset hash (12 bytes of hexadecimal)
                  %n   zero-padded sequence number, starting at 1
                  %r   zero-padded changeset revision number

                  Without the -a option, export will avoid generating diffs of files
                  it detects as binary. With -a, export will generate a diff anyway,
                  probably with undesirable results.

                  With the --switch-parent option, the diff will be against the second
                  parent. It can be useful to review a merge.

                  options:
                  -o, --output     print output to file with formatted name
                  -a, --text       treat all files as text
                  -g, --git        use git extended diff format
                  --nodates        don't include dates in diff headers
                  --switch-parent  diff against the second parent

          grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
              Search revisions of files for a regular expression.

                  This command behaves differently than Unix grep.  It only accepts
                  Python/Perl regexps.  It searches repository history, not the
                  working directory.  It always prints the revision number in which
                  a match appears.

                  By default, grep only prints output for the first revision of a
                  file in which it finds a match.  To get it to print every revision
                  that contains a change in match status ("-" for a match that
                  becomes a non-match, or "+" for a non-match that becomes a match),
                  use the --all flag.

                  options:
                  -0, --print0              end fields with NUL

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  --all                     print all revisions that match
                  -f, --follow              follow changeset history, or file
                                            history across copies and renames
                  -i, --ignore-case         ignore case when matching
                  -l, --files-with-matches  print only filenames and revs that match
                  -n, --line-number         print matching line numbers
                  -r, --rev                 search in given revision range
                  -u, --user                list the author (long with -v)
                  -d, --date                list the date (short with -q)
                  -I, --include             include names matching the given
                                            patterns
                  -X, --exclude             exclude names matching the given
                                            patterns

          heads [-r REV] [REV]...
              With no arguments, show all repository head changesets.

                  If branch or revisions names are given this will show the heads of
                  the specified branches or the branches those revisions are tagged
                  with.

                  Repository "heads" are changesets that don't have child
                  changesets. They are where development generally takes place and
                  are the usual targets for update and merge operations.

                  Branch heads are changesets that have a given branch tag, but have
                  no child changesets with that tag.  They are usually where
                  development on the given branch takes place.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev   show only heads which are descendants of rev
                  --style     display using template map file
                  --template  display with template

          help [COMMAND]
              With no arguments, print a list of commands and short
              help.

                  Given a command name, print help for that command.

                  Given an extension name, print help for that extension, and the
                  commands it provides.

          identify [-nibt] [-r REV] [SOURCE]
              With no revision, print a summary of the current state
              of the repo.

                  With a path, do a lookup in another repository.

                  This summary identifies the repository state using one or two parent
                  hash identifiers, followed by a "+" if there are uncommitted changes
                  in the working directory, a list of tags for this revision and a branch

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  name for non-default branches.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev     identify the specified rev
                  -n, --num     show local revision number
                  -i, --id      show global revision id
                  -b, --branch  show branch
                  -t, --tags    show tags

                  aliases: id

          import [OPTION]... PATCH...
              Import a list of patches and commit them individually.

                  If there are outstanding changes in the working directory, import
                  will abort unless given the -f flag.

                  You can import a patch straight from a mail message.  Even patches
                  as attachments work (body part must be type text/plain or
                  text/x-patch to be used).  From and Subject headers of email
                  message are used as default committer and commit message.  All
                  text/plain body parts before first diff are added to commit
                  message.

                  If the imported patch was generated by hg export, user and description
                  from patch override values from message headers and body.  Values
                  given on command line with -m and -u override these.

                  If --exact is specified, import will set the working directory
                  to the parent of each patch before applying it, and will abort
                  if the resulting changeset has a different ID than the one
                  recorded in the patch. This may happen due to character set
                  problems or other deficiencies in the text patch format.

                  To read a patch from standard input, use patch name "-".
                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  options:
                  -p, --strip      directory strip option for patch. This has the
                                   same meaning as the corresponding patch option
                                   (default: 1)
                  -b, --base       base path
                  -f, --force      skip check for outstanding uncommitted changes
                  --no-commit      don't commit, just update the working directory
                  --exact          apply patch to the nodes from which it was
                                   generated
                  --import-branch  Use any branch information in patch (implied by
                                   --exact)
                  -m, --message    use <text> as commit message
                  -l, --logfile    read commit message from <file>
                  -d, --date       record datecode as commit date
                  -u, --user       record user as committer

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  aliases: patch

          incoming [-p] [-n] [-M] [-f] [-r REV]... [--bundle FILENAME]
          [SOURCE]
              Show new changesets found in the specified path/URL or
              the default pull location. These are the changesets that
              would be pulled if a pull was requested.

                  For remote repository, using --bundle avoids downloading the changesets
                  twice if the incoming is followed by a pull.

                  See pull for valid source format details.

                  options:
                  -f, --force         run even when remote repository is unrelated
                  -n, --newest-first  show newest record first
                  --bundle            file to store the bundles into
                  -r, --rev           a specific revision up to which you would like
                                      to pull
                  -p, --patch         show patch
                  -l, --limit         limit number of changes displayed
                  -M, --no-merges     do not show merges
                  --style             display using template map file
                  --template          display with template
                  -e, --ssh           specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd         specify hg command to run on the remote side

                  aliases: in

          init [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]
              Initialize a new repository in the given directory. If
              the given directory does not exist, it is created.

                  If no directory is given, the current directory is used.

                  It is possible to specify an ssh:// URL as the destination.
                  Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
                  about ssh:// URLs.

                  options:
                  -e, --ssh    specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd  specify hg command to run on the remote side

          locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...
              Print all files under Mercurial control whose names
              match the given patterns.

                  This command searches the entire repository by default.  To search
                  just the current directory and its subdirectories, use
                  "--include .".

                  If no patterns are given to match, this command prints all file

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  names.

                  If you want to feed the output of this command into the "xargs"
                  command, use the "-0" option to both this command and "xargs".
                  This will avoid the problem of "xargs" treating single filenames
                  that contain white space as multiple filenames.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev       search the repository as it stood at rev
                  -0, --print0    end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs
                  -f, --fullpath  print complete paths from the filesystem root
                  -I, --include   include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude   exclude names matching the given patterns

          log [OPTION]... [FILE]
              Print the revision history of the specified files or the
              entire project.

                  File history is shown without following rename or copy history of
                  files.  Use -f/--follow with a file name to follow history across
                  renames and copies. --follow without a file name will only show
                  ancestors or descendants of the starting revision. --follow-first
                  only follows the first parent of merge revisions.

                  If no revision range is specified, the default is tip:0 unless
                  --follow is set, in which case the working directory parent is
                  used as the starting revision.

                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  By default this command outputs: changeset id and hash, tags,
                  non-trivial parents, user, date and time, and a summary for each
                  commit. When the -v/--verbose switch is used, the list of changed
                  files and full commit message is shown.

                  NOTE: log -p may generate unexpected diff output for merge
                  changesets, as it will compare the merge changeset against its
                  first parent only. Also, the files: list will only reflect files
                  that are different from BOTH parents.

                  options:
                  -f, --follow       follow changeset history, or file history
                                     across copies and renames
                  --follow-first     only follow the first parent of merge
                                     changesets
                  -d, --date         show revs matching date spec
                  -C, --copies       show copied files
                  -k, --keyword      do case-insensitive search for a keyword
                  -r, --rev          show the specified revision or range
                  --removed          include revs where files were removed
                  -m, --only-merges  show only merges
                  -b, --only-branch  show only changesets within the given named

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     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                                     branch
                  -P, --prune        do not display revision or any of its ancestors
                  -p, --patch        show patch
                  -l, --limit        limit number of changes displayed
                  -M, --no-merges    do not show merges
                  --style            display using template map file
                  --template         display with template
                  -I, --include      include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude      exclude names matching the given patterns

                  aliases: history

          manifest [-r REV]
              Print a list of version controlled files for the given
              revision. If no revision is given, the parent of the
              working directory is used, or tip if no revision is
              checked out.

                  The manifest is the list of files being version controlled. If no revision
                  is given then the first parent of the working directory is used.

                  With -v flag, print file permissions, symlink and executable bits. With
                  --debug flag, print file revision hashes.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev  revision to display

          merge [-f] [[-r] REV]
              Merge the contents of the current working directory and
              the requested revision. Files that changed between
              either parent are marked as changed for the next commit
              and a commit must be performed before any further
              updates are allowed.

                  If no revision is specified, the working directory's parent is a
                  head revision, and the repository contains exactly one other head,
                  the other head is merged with by default.  Otherwise, an explicit
                  revision to merge with must be provided.

                  options:
                  -f, --force  force a merge with outstanding changes
                  -r, --rev    revision to merge

          outgoing [-M] [-p] [-n] [-f] [-r REV]... [DEST]
              Show changesets not found in the specified destination
              repository or the default push location. These are the
              changesets that would be pushed if a push was requested.

                  See pull for valid destination format details.

                  options:
                  -f, --force         run even when remote repository is unrelated

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                  -r, --rev           a specific revision up to which you would like
                                      to push
                  -n, --newest-first  show newest record first
                  -p, --patch         show patch
                  -l, --limit         limit number of changes displayed
                  -M, --no-merges     do not show merges
                  --style             display using template map file
                  --template          display with template
                  -e, --ssh           specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd         specify hg command to run on the remote side

                  aliases: out

          parents [-r REV] [FILE]
              Print the working directory's parent revisions. If a
              revision is given via --rev, the parent of that revision
              will be printed. If a file argument is given, revision
              in which the file was last changed (before the working
              directory revision or the argument to --rev if given) is
              printed.

                  options:
                  -r, --rev   show parents from the specified rev
                  --style     display using template map file
                  --template  display with template

          paths [NAME]
              Show definition of symbolic path name NAME. If no name
              is given, show definition of available names.

                  Path names are defined in the [paths] section of /etc/mercurial/hgrc
                  and $HOME/.hgrc.  If run inside a repository, .hg/hgrc is used, too.

          pull [-u] [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD]
          [SOURCE]
              Pull changes from a remote repository to a local one.

                  This finds all changes from the repository at the specified path
                  or URL and adds them to the local repository. By default, this
                  does not update the copy of the project in the working directory.

                  Valid URLs are of the form:

                  local/filesystem/path (or file://local/filesystem/path)
                  http://[user@]host[:port]/[path]
                  https://[user@]host[:port]/[path]
                  ssh://[user@]host[:port]/[path]
                  static-http://host[:port]/[path]

                  Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial
                  repositories or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or
                  'hg incoming --bundle'). The static-http:// protocol, albeit slow,

     Page 15                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  allows access to a Mercurial repository where you simply use a web
                  server to publish the .hg directory as static content.

                  An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
                  or changeset to pull.

                  Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial:
                  - SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination machine
                    and a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as remotecmd.
                  - path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default.
                    Use an extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute path:
                      ssh://example.com//tmp/repository
                  - Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right thing
                    to do is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.:
                      Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com
                        Compression no
                      Host *
                        Compression yes
                    Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc or
                    with the --ssh command line option.

                  options:
                  -u, --update  update to new tip if changesets were pulled
                  -f, --force   run even when remote repository is unrelated
                  -r, --rev     a specific revision up to which you would like to
                                pull
                  -e, --ssh     specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd   specify hg command to run on the remote side

          push [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]
              Push changes from the local repository to the given des-
              tination.

                  This is the symmetrical operation for pull. It helps to move
                  changes from the current repository to a different one. If the
                  destination is local this is identical to a pull in that directory
                  from the current one.

                  By default, push will refuse to run if it detects the result would
                  increase the number of remote heads. This generally indicates
                  the client has forgotten to pull and merge before pushing.

                  Valid URLs are of the form:

                  local/filesystem/path (or file://local/filesystem/path)
                  ssh://[user@]host[:port]/[path]
                  http://[user@]host[:port]/[path]
                  https://[user@]host[:port]/[path]

                  An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
                  or changeset to push. If -r is used, the named changeset and all its
                  ancestors will be pushed to the remote repository.

     Page 16                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
                  about ssh:// URLs.

                  Pushing to http:// and https:// URLs is only possible, if this
                  feature is explicitly enabled on the remote Mercurial server.

                  options:
                  -f, --force  force push
                  -r, --rev    a specific revision up to which you would like to
                               push
                  -e, --ssh    specify ssh command to use
                  --remotecmd  specify hg command to run on the remote side

          recover
              Recover from an interrupted commit or pull.

                  This command tries to fix the repository status after an interrupted
                  operation. It should only be necessary when Mercurial suggests it.

          remove [OPTION]... FILE...
              Schedule the indicated files for removal from the repos-
              itory.

                  This only removes files from the current branch, not from the entire
                  project history. -A can be used to remove only files that have already
                  been deleted, -f can be used to force deletion, and -Af can be used
                  to remove files from the next revision without deleting them.

                  The following table details the behavior of remove for different file
                  states (columns) and option combinations (rows). The file states are
                  Added, Clean, Modified and Missing (as reported by hg status). The
                  actions are Warn, Remove (from branch) and Delete (from disk).

                         A  C  M  !
                  none   W  RD W  R
                  -f     R  RD RD R
                  -A     W  W  W  R
                  -Af    R  R  R  R

                  This command schedules the files to be removed at the next commit.
                  To undo a remove before that, see hg revert.

                  options:
                  -A, --after    record delete for missing files
                  -f, --force    remove (and delete) file even if added or modified
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns

                  aliases: rm

          rename [OPTION]... SOURCE... DEST
              Mark dest as copies of sources; mark sources for

     Page 17                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              deletion. If dest is a directory, copies are put in that
              directory. If dest is a file, there can only be one
              source.

                  By default, this command copies the contents of files as they
                  stand in the working directory.  If invoked with --after, the
                  operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.

                  This command takes effect in the next commit. To undo a rename
                  before that, see hg revert.

                  options:
                  -A, --after    record a rename that has already occurred
                  -f, --force    forcibly copy over an existing managed file
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -n, --dry-run  do not perform actions, just print output

                  aliases: mv

          revert [OPTION]... [-r REV] [NAME]...
              (use update -r to check out earlier revisions, revert
              does not change the working dir parents)

                  With no revision specified, revert the named files or directories
                  to the contents they had in the parent of the working directory.
                  This restores the contents of the affected files to an unmodified
                  state and unschedules adds, removes, copies, and renames. If the
                  working directory has two parents, you must explicitly specify the
                  revision to revert to.

                  Using the -r option, revert the given files or directories to their
                  contents as of a specific revision. This can be helpful to "roll
                  back" some or all of an earlier change.
                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  Revert modifies the working directory.  It does not commit any
                  changes, or change the parent of the working directory.  If you
                  revert to a revision other than the parent of the working
                  directory, the reverted files will thus appear modified
                  afterwards.

                  If a file has been deleted, it is restored.  If the executable
                  mode of a file was changed, it is reset.

                  If names are given, all files matching the names are reverted.
                  If no arguments are given, no files are reverted.

                  Modified files are saved with a .orig suffix before reverting.
                  To disable these backups, use --no-backup.

                  options:

     Page 18                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  -a, --all      revert all changes when no arguments given
                  -d, --date     tipmost revision matching date
                  -r, --rev      revision to revert to
                  --no-backup    do not save backup copies of files
                  -I, --include  include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude  exclude names matching the given patterns
                  -n, --dry-run  do not perform actions, just print output

          rollback
              This command should be used with care. There is only one
              level of rollback, and there is no way to undo a roll-
              back. It will also restore the dirstate at the time of
              the last transaction, losing any dirstate changes since
              that time.

                  Transactions are used to encapsulate the effects of all commands
                  that create new changesets or propagate existing changesets into a
                  repository. For example, the following commands are transactional,
                  and their effects can be rolled back:

                  commit
                  import
                  pull
                  push (with this repository as destination)
                  unbundle

                  This command is not intended for use on public repositories. Once
                  changes are visible for pull by other users, rolling a transaction
                  back locally is ineffective (someone else may already have pulled
                  the changes). Furthermore, a race is possible with readers of the
                  repository; for example an in-progress pull from the repository
                  may fail if a rollback is performed.

          root
              Print the root directory of the current repository.

          serve [OPTION]...
              Start a local HTTP repository browser and pull server.

                  By default, the server logs accesses to stdout and errors to
                  stderr.  Use the "-A" and "-E" options to log to files.

                  options:
                  -A, --accesslog   name of access log file to write to
                  -d, --daemon      run server in background
                  --daemon-pipefds  used internally by daemon mode
                  -E, --errorlog    name of error log file to write to
                  -p, --port        port to listen on (default: 8000)
                  -a, --address     address to listen on (default: all interfaces)
                  --prefix          prefix path to serve from (default: server root)
                  -n, --name        name to show in web pages (default: working dir)
                  --webdir-conf     name of the webdir config file (serve more than

     Page 19                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                                    one repo)
                  --pid-file        name of file to write process ID to
                  --stdio           for remote clients
                  -t, --templates   web templates to use
                  --style           template style to use
                  -6, --ipv6        use IPv6 in addition to IPv4
                  --certificate     SSL certificate file

          showconfig [-u] [NAME]...
              With no args, print names and values of all config
              items.

                  With one arg of the form section.name, print just the value of
                  that config item.

                  With multiple args, print names and values of all config items
                  with matching section names.

                  options:
                  -u, --untrusted  show untrusted configuration options

                  aliases: debugconfig

          status [OPTION]... [FILE]...
              Show status of files in the repository. If names are
              given, only files that match are shown. Files that are
              clean or ignored or source of a copy/move operation, are
              not listed unless -c (clean), -i (ignored), -C (copies)
              or -A is given. Unless options described with "show only
              ..." are given, the options -mardu are used.

                  Option -q/--quiet hides untracked (unknown and ignored) files
                  unless explicitly requested with -u/--unknown or -i/-ignored.

                  NOTE: status may appear to disagree with diff if permissions have
                  changed or a merge has occurred. The standard diff format does not
                  report permission changes and diff only reports changes relative
                  to one merge parent.

                  If one revision is given, it is used as the base revision.
                  If two revisions are given, the difference between them is shown.

                  The codes used to show the status of files are:
                  M = modified
                  A = added
                  R = removed
                  C = clean
                  ! = deleted, but still tracked
                  ? = not tracked
                  I = ignored
                    = the previous added file was copied from here

     Page 20                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

                  options:
                  -A, --all        show status of all files
                  -m, --modified   show only modified files
                  -a, --added      show only added files
                  -r, --removed    show only removed files
                  -d, --deleted    show only deleted (but tracked) files
                  -c, --clean      show only files without changes
                  -u, --unknown    show only unknown (not tracked) files
                  -i, --ignored    show only ignored files
                  -n, --no-status  hide status prefix
                  -C, --copies     show source of copied files
                  -0, --print0     end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs
                  --rev            show difference from revision
                  -I, --include    include names matching the given patterns
                  -X, --exclude    exclude names matching the given patterns

                  aliases: st

          tag [-l] [-m TEXT] [-d DATE] [-u USER] [-r REV] NAME...
              Name a particular revision using <name>.

                  Tags are used to name particular revisions of the repository and are
                  very useful to compare different revisions, to go back to significant
                  earlier versions or to mark branch points as releases, etc.

                  If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used,
                  or tip if no revision is checked out.

                  To facilitate version control, distribution, and merging of tags,
                  they are stored as a file named ".hgtags" which is managed
                  similarly to other project files and can be hand-edited if
                  necessary.  The file '.hg/localtags' is used for local tags (not
                  shared among repositories).

                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

                  options:
                  -f, --force    replace existing tag
                  -l, --local    make the tag local
                  -r, --rev      revision to tag
                  --remove       remove a tag
                  -m, --message  use <text> as commit message
                  -d, --date     record datecode as commit date
                  -u, --user     record user as committer

          tags
              List the repository tags.

                  This lists both regular and local tags. When the -v/--verbose switch
                  is used, a third column "local" is printed for local tags.

          tip [-p]

     Page 21                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              The tip revision (usually just called the tip) is the
              most recently added changeset in the repository, the
              most recently changed head.

                  If you have just made a commit, that commit will be the tip. If
                  you have just pulled changes from another repository, the tip of
                  that repository becomes the current tip. The "tip" tag is special
                  and cannot be renamed or assigned to a different changeset.

                  options:
                  -p, --patch  show patch
                  --style      display using template map file
                  --template   display with template

          unbundle [-u] FILE...
              Apply one or more compressed changegroup files generated
              by the bundle command.

                  options:
                  -u, --update  update to new tip if changesets were unbundled

          update [-C] [-d DATE] [[-r] REV]
              Update the working directory to the specified revision,
              or the tip of the current branch if none is specified.

                  If the requested revision is a descendant of the working
                  directory, any outstanding changes in the working directory will
                  be merged into the result. If it is not directly descended but is
                  on the same named branch, update aborts with a suggestion to use
                  merge or update -C instead.

                  If the requested revision is on a different named branch and the
                  working directory is clean, update quietly switches branches.

                  If you want to update just one file to an older revision, use revert.

                  See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for --date.

                  options:
                  -C, --clean  overwrite locally modified files
                  -d, --date   tipmost revision matching date
                  -r, --rev    revision

                  aliases: up checkout co

          verify
              Verify the integrity of the current repository.

                  This will perform an extensive check of the repository's
                  integrity, validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in
                  the changelog, manifest, and tracked files, as well as the
                  integrity of their crosslinks and indices.

     Page 22                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

          version
              output version and copyright information

     DATE FORMATS
              Some commands allow the user to specify a date:
              backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
              log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.

              Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:

              "Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed)
              "Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided)
              "Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
              "Dec 6" (midnight)
              "13:18" (today assumed)
              "3:39" (3:39AM assumed)
              "3:39pm" (15:39)
              "2006-12-6 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format)
              "2006-12-6 13:18"
              "2006-12-6"
              "12-6"
              "12/6"
              "12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006)

              Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format:

              "1165432709 0" (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)

              This is the internal representation format for dates. unixtime is
              the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC). offset
              is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative
              if the timezone is east of UTC).

              The log command also accepts date ranges:

              "<{date}" - on or before a given date
              ">{date}" - on or after a given date
              "{date} to {date}" - a date range, inclusive
              "-{days}" - within a given number of days of today

     FILE PATTERNS
              Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying one or more
              files at a time.

              By default, Mercurial treats filenames as shell-style extended
              glob patterns.

              Alternate pattern notations must be specified explicitly.

              To use a plain path name without any pattern matching, start a
              name with "path:".  These path names must match completely, from
              the root of the current repository.

     Page 23                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              To use an extended glob, start a name with "glob:".  Globs are
              rooted at the current directory; a glob such as "*.c" will match
              files ending in ".c" in the current directory only.

              The supported glob syntax extensions are "**" to match any string
              across path separators, and "{a,b}" to mean "a or b".

              To use a Perl/Python regular expression, start a name with "re:".
              Regexp pattern matching is anchored at the root of the repository.

              Plain examples:

              path:foo/bar   a name bar in a directory named foo in the root of
                             the repository
              path:path:name a file or directory named "path:name"

              Glob examples:

              glob:*.c       any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
              *.c            any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
              **.c           any name ending in ".c" in the current directory, or
                             any subdirectory
              foo/*.c        any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo
              foo/**.c       any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo, or any
                             subdirectory

              Regexp examples:

              re:.*\.c$      any name ending in ".c", anywhere in the repository

     ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
          HG
              Path to the hg executable, automatically passed when
              running hooks, extensions or external tools. If unset or
              empty, an executable named hg (with com/exe/bat/cmd
              extension on Windows) is searched.

          HGEDITOR
              This is the name of the editor to use when committing.
              See EDITOR.

                  (deprecated, use .hgrc)

          HGENCODING
              This overrides the default locale setting detected by
              Mercurial. This setting is used to convert data includ-
              ing usernames, changeset descriptions, tag names, and
              branches. This setting can be overridden with the
              --encoding command-line option.

          HGENCODINGMODE
              This sets Mercurial's behavior for handling unknown

     Page 24                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              characters while transcoding user inputs. The default is
              "strict", which causes Mercurial to abort if it can't
              translate a character. Other settings include "replace",
              which replaces unknown characters, and "ignore", which
              drops them. This setting can be overridden with the
              --encodingmode command-line option.

          HGMERGE
              An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The
              program will be executed with three arguments: local
              file, remote file, ancestor file.

                  (deprecated, use .hgrc)

          HGRCPATH
              A list of files or directories to search for hgrc files.
              Item separator is ":" on Unix, ";" on Windows. If HGRC-
              PATH is not set, platform default search path is used.
              If empty, only .hg/hgrc of current repository is read.

                  For each element in path, if a directory, all entries in directory
                  ending with ".rc" are added to path.  Else, element itself is
                  added to path.

          HGUSER
              This is the string used for the author of a commit.

                  (deprecated, use .hgrc)

          EMAIL
              If HGUSER is not set, this will be used as the author
              for a commit.

          LOGNAME
              If neither HGUSER nor EMAIL is set, LOGNAME will be used
              (with @hostname appended) as the author value for a com-
              mit.

          VISUAL
              This is the name of the editor to use when committing.
              See EDITOR.

          EDITOR
              Sometimes Mercurial needs to open a text file in an edi-
              tor for a user to modify, for example when writing com-
              mit messages. The editor it uses is determined by look-
              ing at the environment variables HGEDITOR, VISUAL and
              EDITOR, in that order. The first non-empty one is cho-
              sen. If all of them are empty, the editor defaults to
              vi.

          PYTHONPATH

     Page 25                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              This is used by Python to find imported modules and may
              need to be set appropriately if Mercurial is not
              installed system-wide.

     SPECIFYING SINGLE REVISIONS
              Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying individual
              revisions.

              A plain integer is treated as a revision number.  Negative
              integers are treated as offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting the
              tip.

              A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision
              identifier.

              A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a
              unique revision identifier, and referred to as a short-form
              identifier.  A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the
              prefix of one full-length identifier.

              Any other string is treated as a tag name, which is a symbolic
              name associated with a revision identifier.  Tag names may not
              contain the ":" character.

              The reserved name "tip" is a special tag that always identifies
              the most recent revision.

              The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the
              revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.

              The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If
              no working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null.
              If an uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of
              the first parent.

     SPECIFYING MULTIPLE REVISIONS
              When Mercurial accepts more than one revision, they may be
              specified individually, or provided as a continuous range,
              separated by the ":" character.

              The syntax of range notation is [BEGIN]:[END], where BEGIN and END
              are revision identifiers.  Both BEGIN and END are optional.  If
              BEGIN is not specified, it defaults to revision number 0.  If END
              is not specified, it defaults to the tip.  The range ":" thus
              means "all revisions".

              If BEGIN is greater than END, revisions are treated in reverse
              order.

              A range acts as a closed interval.  This means that a range of 3:5
              gives 3, 4 and 5.  Similarly, a range of 4:2 gives 4, 3, and 2.

     Page 26                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

     FILES
              This file contains regular expressions (one per line)
              that describe file names that should be ignored by hg.
              For details, see hgignore(5).

              This file contains changeset hash values and text tag
              names (one of each separated by spaces) that correspond
              to tagged versions of the repository contents.

          /etc/mercurial/hgrc, $HOME/.hgrc, .hg/hgrc
              This file contains defaults and configuration. Values in
              .hg/hgrc override those in $HOME/.hgrc, and these over-
              ride settings made in the global /etc/mercurial/hgrc
              configuration. See hgrc(5) for details of the contents
              and format of these files.
          Some commands (e.g. revert) produce backup files ending in
          .orig, if the .orig file already exists and is not tracked
          by Mercurial, it will be overwritten.

     BUGS
          Probably lots, please post them to the mailing list (See
          Resources below) when you find them.

     SEE ALSO
          hgignore(8), hgrc(8).

     AUTHOR
          Written by Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>

     RESOURCES
          Main Web Site[1]

          Source code repository[2]

          Mailing list[3]

     COPYING
          Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Matt Mackall. Free use of this soft-
          ware is granted under the terms of the GNU General Public
          License (GPL).

     NOTES
           1. Main Web Site
              http://selenic.com/mercurial

           2. Source code repository

     Page 27                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)

     HG(1)                                                       HG(1)

              http://selenic.com/hg

           3. Mailing list
              http://selenic.com/mailman/listinfo/mercurial

     Page 28                      Plan 9            (printed 10/14/24)